I. Adrenaline

[Alias] Adrenaline.

[Pharmacology] It has agonistic effect on both α and β receptors, which strengthens myocardial contraction, accelerates heart rate, increases myocardial oxygen consumption, causes contraction of skin mucosa and small blood vessels of internal organs, but dilates coronary blood vessels and skeletal muscle vessels, in addition, it has the effect of relaxing bronchial and gastrointestinal smooth muscle.

[Indications] Rescue treatment of cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, bronchial asthma.

[Commonly used formulation] Injection: 1ml (1mg).

[Precautions]

1. Use with caution for hypertension, organic heart disease, coronary atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, digitalis poisoning, trauma and hemorrhagic shock, etc. Cardiogenic asthma is contraindicated.

2, adverse reactions: headache, palpitations, increased blood pressure, convulsions, pallor, excessive sweating, tremor, urinary retention.

3, subcutaneous injection or intramuscular injection, to change the injection site to avoid tissue necrosis, injection must be back to draw no return blood before injection to avoid accidentally into the vein, closely observe the changes in blood pressure and pulse rate during injection to avoid causing a sudden rise in blood pressure and tachycardia.

4, with this drug can increase myocardial and systemic oxygen consumption, so it must be fully oxygenated, pay attention to the occurrence of acidosis.

Noradrenaline

[Alias] Noradrenaline.

[Pharmacology] It mainly agonizes α receptors, and has a weak agonistic effect on β receptors, and has a strong vasoconstrictive effect to make the small arteries and small veins of the body contract, increase peripheral resistance, and increase blood pressure.

[Indications] Various kinds of shock, hypotension, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, but hemorrhagic shock is prohibited.

[Commonly used formulation] Injection: 1ml (2mg).

[Precautions]

1, Contraindicated in patients with hypertension, arteriosclerosis, anuria.

2, adverse reactions: local tissue ischemic necrosis, urinary hypotension, urinary closure acute renal failure, headache, hypertension, reflex bradycardia.

3、When injecting, use a straight, large, elastic vein, strengthen observation, if the skin pale and painful, should immediately change the injection site, and phentolamine 5-10mg plus 0.9% saline solution for local infiltration injection, do not apply heat.

4, injection should start with a small dose, measure blood pressure at any time, adjust the speed of administration, so that blood pressure remains within the normal range.

5、This product is gradually discolored when exposed to light and should be stored away from light.

6、Inject with alkaline drugs such as aminophylline and sodium sulfamethoxazole.

7. Avoid prolonged use during resuscitation to avoid irreversible death due to poor capillary perfusion.

Isoprenaline

[Alias] Isoprenaline, asthma treatment.

[Pharmacology] B agonist. Acts on β1 receptor, enhances myocardial contractility, accelerates heart rate, accelerates conduction, increases cardiac output and myocardial oxygen consumption, relaxes bronchial and intestinal smooth muscle. The coronary arteries are also diastolic to varying degrees, and the total peripheral resistance of blood vessels is reduced, promoting glycogen and lipolysis to enhance tissue oxygen consumption.

[Indications] Cardiac arrest, atrioventricular block, bronchial asthma, cardiogenic and toxic shock.

[Commonly used preparations] Injection: 2ml (1mg). Tablet: 10mg. aerosol: 0.25%, 5%.

[Precautions]

1. Angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, etc. are contraindicated.

2, Adverse reactions: headache, palpitations, dizziness, dry throat, nausea, chest pain, shortness of breath.

3. Closely observe the changes of ECG, pulse and blood pressure, and adjust the concentration and dose according to the patient's condition.

4、If the heart rate is >110 beats/min, ECG is abnormal or the patient has chest pain, stop the drug immediately and report to the doctor in time.

5、Teach the patient to use the aerosol, saliva and sputum can be pink after use, rinse the mouth after use to avoid stimulating the mouth and throat.

6、Continuous use can produce tolerance, patients should be informed not to abuse, and the number of inhalation and inhalation volume should be limited.

IV. Lobeline

[Alias] Lobeline.

[Pharmacology] Excite the carotid sinus and aortic body chemoreceptor reflex excitation respiratory center, on the plant nerve first excitation and then inhibition.

[Indications] Asphyxia in newborns, poisoning by carbon monoxide, inhalation anesthetics and other central depressant drugs, respiratory failure caused by pneumonia, diphtheria and other infectious diseases.

[Commonly used preparations] Injection: 1ml (3mg).

[Precautions]

1. Adverse reactions: nausea, vomiting, choking and coughing, headache, palpitations, etc. Large doses may cause bradycardia, conduction block, respiratory depression, and even convulsions.

2. Observe for profuse sweating, tachycardia, hypotension, etc. The drip rate should be slow.

V. Nikethamide

[Alias] Coramycin.

[Pharmacology] Selective excitation of the medullary respiratory center, also can act on the carotid sinus and aortic body chemoreceptor reflex excitation respiratory center, make the respiration deepen and accelerate.

[Indications] Central respiratory insufficiency, respiratory failure caused by pulmonary heart disease, opioid poisoning.

[Commonly used formulation] Injection: 1.5ml (0.375g), 2ml (0.5g).

[Precautions]

1, adverse reactions: high doses may cause increased blood pressure, palpitations, sweating, vomiting, tremor and muscle rigidity.

2, the application of this product appears convulsions should be promptly injected intravenous benzodiazepines.

Sixth, dopamine Dopamine

[Pharmacology] Dopamine receptor agonist. Small doses increase mesenteric, renal, cerebral and coronary artery dilation, increase blood flow, increase renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate, thus increasing urine volume and sodium excretion, and prevent acute renal failure; medium doses increase myocardial contractility, increase cardiac blood volume and accelerate heart rate; large doses increase peripheral resistance and increase blood pressure.

[Indications] Various types of shock, congestive heart failure, acute renal failure (combined with diuretics).

[Commonly used formulation] Injection: 2ml (20mg).

[Caution]

1. Contraindicated in patients with pheochromocytoma.

2. Adverse reactions: High dose may cause accelerated respiration, arrhythmia, and overdose may cause tachyarrhythmia.

3、Blood volume should be replenished and acidosis should be corrected before use.

4、For intravenous infusion, blood pressure, heart rate, urine volume and general condition should be observed.

5. When applying this product to people with a history of peripheral vascular disease, close observation of limb color and temperature changes is required to prevent severe ischemic necrosis of the limb.

 VII. Metaraminol

[Alias] Alamin.

[Pharmacology] a receptor agonist, the ascending effect is weaker than norepinephrine but longer lasting, has a moderate strengthening effect of cardiac contraction, can increase cerebral and coronary blood flow.

[Indications] Various causes of shock, hypotension.

[Commonly used preparations] Injection: 1ml (10mg), 5ml (50mg).

[Precautions]

1. Contraindicated: hyperthyroidism, hypertension, congestive heart failure and diabetes mellitus.

2, adverse reactions: headache, flushing, sweating, tremors, hyperglycemia, bradycardia.

3, continuous use can cause rapid tolerance, there is an accumulation effect of the main, such as the use of the drug after the rise in blood pressure is not obvious, must be observed for 10 minutes before deciding whether to increase the dose, so as not to rashly increase the dose resulting in an excessive rise in blood pressure.

4. It is not suitable to be injected together with alkaline drugs, because it can cause decomposition.

Eight, lidocaine Lidocaine

[Pharmacology] Local anesthetic and class Ib antiarrhythmic drugs, reduce myocardial excitability, slow conduction velocity, increase the threshold of ventricular fibrillation and inhibit the autoregulation of ectopic rhythm points.

[Indications] Tachycardia, frequent ventricular premature, ventricular fibrillation, digitalis toxicity, myocardial infarction caused by various reasons.

[Commonly used formulation] 5ml (0.1mg), 10ml (0.2mg), 20ml (0.4mg).

[Precautions]

1. Contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to this product, severe atrioventricular block, intraventricular conduction block.

2, adverse reactions: nausea, vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, euphoria, dysphagia, irritability, etc. High dose may cause convulsions, respiratory depression, cardiac arrest.

3、During intravenous injection, closely observe the patient's blood pressure and ECG to prevent overdose poisoning.

4. Care must be taken to use lidocaine for cardiac arrhythmia rather than injection for local anesthesia.

9、Deslanoside

[Alias] Cidilan, Deslanoside C.

[Pharmacology] Positive inotropic drug, enhance myocardial contractility, slow down the heart rate, inhibit conduction.

[Indications] Acute and chronic heart failure, atrial fibrillation and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.

[Common formulation] Injection: 1ml (0.2mg), 2ml (0.4mg).

 [Precautions]

1. Use with caution in patients with severe myocardial damage and renal insufficiency.

2, adverse reactions: nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, headache, bradycardia, atrioventricular block.

3、Forbidden to combine with calcium injection.

4. Dilute slowly for more than 5 minutes after sedation.

X. Atropine

[Pharmacology] M choline receptor blocker, can release the spasm of smooth muscle, inhibit glandular secretion, release the vagus nerve inhibition of the heart, speed up the heart rate, dilate the pupil and eye pressure, excite the respiratory center, has the effect of relaxation of visceral smooth muscle and pupil dilation.

[Indications] Visceral colic, organophosphorus pesticide poisoning, pupil dilation, A - S syndrome, infectious shock, administration before anesthesia.

[Commonly used preparations] Tablet: 0.3mg. Injection: 1ml (0.5mg), 1ml (5mg), 2ml (10mg). Eye drops: 0.5% to 3%.

[Caution]

1, prohibited: glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy.

2, adverse reactions: dry mouth, dizziness, dilated pupils, flushed skin, increased heart rate, excitement, irritability, convulsions.

3, intravenous injection should be slow, observe whether there is an overdose and poisoning.

4. Observe for constipation and urine volume in the elderly.

5、When dropping eyes, press the inner canthus to avoid inflow into the nose.